章節(jié) 第二十一單元
關(guān)鍵詞
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
happily , easily , carefully , worried , feel worried about, pingpong , hard-working
Ⅱ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型 ( 一 )
( 1 ) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞：
He swims .
They are listening .
( 2 ) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：
She likes basketball
They know me .
( 3 ) 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)：
The bike is new .
She felt worried .
Ⅲ. 交際英語(yǔ)：
What can I do for you ?
I need to do some shopping .
I'm worried about my party .
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . pingpong 乒乓球
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗乒乓球也可說(shuō) table tennis .
She plays pingpong very well . 她乒乓球打得很好。
2 . hard-working 努力工作的
He is a hard-working teacher . 他是一位勤奮的老師。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗類(lèi)似的詞如：peace-loving愛(ài)好和平的。
3 . happily 幸福地，快樂(lè)地
The children are playing happily . 孩子們正愉快地玩著。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗該詞為 happy 的副詞形式，作狀語(yǔ)。happiness是其名詞形式。注意：live a happy life過(guò)著幸福的生活。
4 . easily 容易地，輕易地
We did it easily . 我們很容易地把它做了。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗其形容詞為 easy .
It is easy for sb to do某人干……很容易。It is easy for her to bring the books here .
5 . carefully 仔細(xì)地，小心地
Listen to the teacher carefully ! 仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講 !
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗該詞為 careful 的副詞。careless粗心大意的。carefully = with care認(rèn)真地。
You’d better do your homework carefully .
6 . worried 擔(dān)心的，煩惱的
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗注意 worry 可作動(dòng)詞和名詞“擔(dān)心，焦慮”，be worried about = worry about “對(duì)…感到擔(dān)心”。
－ What’s the matter with you , Tom ?
－ My parents haven’t been back yet . I am worried about it .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . telephone number 電話(huà)號(hào)碼
What is your telephone number . 你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼是多少 ?
Perhaps his telephone number is wrong .
－ Is this 9998345 ?
－ Sorry , you have the wrong number .
2 . do some shopping 買(mǎi)些東西
We're going to do some shopping . 我們打算購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些物品。
〖 提示 〗類(lèi)似詞組還有：do sport 從事運(yùn)動(dòng) / do the cooking 烹調(diào)，烹飪 / do washing 洗衣服 / do cleaning 做掃除 / do one's homework 做家庭作業(yè) / do one's lesson 做功課
Mr . Smith likes doing sport after meals . 史密斯先生喜歡飯后參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Is Rose going to do washing this afternoon ?
I don’t like to do shopping with her this afternoon , Mum .
3 . Please help yourself 請(qǐng)隨便吃，請(qǐng)自己動(dòng)手 ( 拿、吃、抽煙等 )
Please help yourself to wine . 請(qǐng)隨便用酒。
〖 提示 〗表吃什么，拿什么時(shí)，該詞組要加介詞 to 再加賓語(yǔ)。
Boys , help yourselves to more bananas and oranges .
Sir , help yourself to some cigarettes (香煙).
注意：help sb with幫助某人干…… 。She always helps me with my Chinese on Sunday .
4 . get ready for 為……做好準(zhǔn)備，為……準(zhǔn)備好
Have you got ready for the party ? 這個(gè)聚會(huì)你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了嗎 ?
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗get ready to do準(zhǔn)備好干…… 。Please get ready to run , class .
5 . on the other side of 在……的另一邊
On the other side of the river there are some banana trees . 在河的對(duì)岸，有許多香蕉樹(shù)。
On the other side of the street there is a book shop .
〖 提示 〗指兩者之中的另一邊。
6 . like to do 與 like doing：
〖 提示 〗這兩者都表示“喜歡做什么”。區(qū)別如下：
like to do 指喜歡做特定的或某次具體的行動(dòng)，指一時(shí)的愛(ài)好。
I like to swim in the river . 我喜歡在這條河游泳。 ( 特定場(chǎng)合的具體行動(dòng) )
( 試比較：I like swimming . 我喜歡游泳。 )
like doing 指喜歡做某事，即長(zhǎng)期的愛(ài)好和興趣。試比較：
Do you like swimming ? 你喜歡游泳嗎 ? ( 指長(zhǎng)期的愛(ài)好 )
Would you like to swim with me tomorrow ? 你愿意明天和我一起去游泳嗎 ? ( 特指明天一次具體行動(dòng) )
另外：如果用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)，like to do 與 like doing 就沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別，可以換用。如：
I don't like smoking = I don't like to smoke . 我不喜抽煙。
7 . like 與 would like 的區(qū)別：
〖 提示 〗like ( 喜歡，愛(ài)好 ) ，后接名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞。
Do you like fish ? 你喜歡 ( 吃 ) 魚(yú)嗎 ?
would like 意為“想要，愿意”解時(shí)，是 wish 和 want 的意思。用于禮貌性地提出要求或表示愿意提供幫助。其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式。但不能接動(dòng)名詞。
Would you like something to eat ? 你想吃點(diǎn)什么東西嗎 ?
would like sb to do愿意讓某人干 ……。
My father would like me to go to Beijing with hin this summer .
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . as + 副詞 + as
Read this passage as quickly as you can . 你盡快讀完這段短文。
這具句型中第一個(gè) as 為副詞，第二個(gè) as 為從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)程度狀語(yǔ)從句。又如：
He ran as fast as he could . 他盡力地快跑。
He works as hard as you . 他與你一樣努力工作。
2 . Not… 否定主語(yǔ)的句型
Not everyone likes sandwiches . 不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)人都喜歡三明治。
not 無(wú)論放在句首或句子其它地方，與 all , every 等詞連用時(shí)，只表示部分否定，又叫做“部分否定句”。如：
Everyone does not like sandwiches . 每個(gè)人不見(jiàn)得都喜歡三明治。
Not everyone is a worker . = Everyone is not a worker . 不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)人都是工人。
Not everyone agrees with you . 不是人人都同意你的意見(jiàn)。
Not all people agree with you . 不是大家都同意你的看見(jiàn)。
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . What can I do for you ? 你要點(diǎn)什么 ?
這是對(duì)顧客的禮貌用語(yǔ)，還可以說(shuō) Can I help you ? 如：
- What can I do for you ? 你要點(diǎn)什么 ?
- I want to buy a new coat . 我想買(mǎi)件新上衣。
- Can I help you ?
- Two cups of coffee . = Two coffees . 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯咖啡。
2 . She felt worried . 她很焦急。
feel 是連系動(dòng)詞， worried 是形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)。turn , get , look , be 等動(dòng)詞也是連系動(dòng)詞，都可接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He felt happy . 他很高興。
The trees turn green . 樹(shù)兒綠了。
※ 表示具有某種性質(zhì)、特征或處于某種狀態(tài)。常用的有 be , appear , feel , sound , seem , book , smell , taste 等。例如：
It is not late . 時(shí)間還不晚
The dish smells good . 這道菜聞著香。
He seemed to be writing something . 他好象在寫(xiě)什么東西。
His words sounds all right . 他的話(huà)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理。
※ 表示動(dòng)詞所敘述的動(dòng)作和過(guò)程所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；或者表示狀態(tài)的變化。常用的有：get , go , come , become , turn , grow , fall , prove , run , make 等。例如：
The custom has now become a rule . 那習(xí)俗已變?yōu)槌梢?guī)。
The milk in the cup will go bad . 杯子里的牛奶要壞了。
Her face turned red .
※ 某種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。常用的有：keep , continue , stand等。例如：
She knew she must keep calm . 她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。
※ 除 make 等個(gè)別詞外，幾乎所有的連系動(dòng)詞都能接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例如：
Our country is getting stronger and stronger . 我們國(guó)家日益強(qiáng)大。
※ 接名詞作表語(yǔ)的有：become , get , look , make , seem , turn 等。例如：
Now you look a grown-up young man . 現(xiàn)在你看上去已經(jīng)是一個(gè)成年的小伙子了。
One tree does not make a wood . 獨(dú)木不成林。
He used to be a soldier till he turned writer . 他當(dāng)作家之前曾是戰(zhàn)士。
※ 我們還應(yīng)注意某些連系詞和形容詞的固定搭配及其褒貶色彩。比如，come 多接褒義形容詞，而 go 則多接貶之形容詞。例如：
come true / right 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí) / 正確
go bad / hungry / mad / blind / deaf / tired / …變壞 / 餓 / 瘋 / 瞎 / 聾 / 累……
grow rich / tall / large / clever / old…變得富裕 / 高 / 大 / 聰明 / 年老……
fall ill / asleep / silent / …生病 / 睡著 / 沉默……
3 . I'm worried about my party . 我正擔(dān)心晚會(huì)呢 ?
be worried about 意為“為……而擔(dān)心”。注意該詞組表示擔(dān)憂(yōu)的狀態(tài)。如：
Mother is worried about his health . 母親擔(dān)心他的健康。
Are you worried about the meeting ? 你擔(dān)心開(kāi)會(huì)的事嗎 ?
4 . I'll get another one now . 我現(xiàn)在再拿一根來(lái)。
one ( s ) , other ( s ) the other ( s ) 及 another 的區(qū)別：
one 有下列幾種意思：1 ) 可指人或表示一種；2 ) 常用來(lái)代替前面剛提到的可數(shù)名詞，以
避免重復(fù)，如可數(shù)名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，就要用 ones 來(lái)代替；3 ) 表示“一個(gè)…，另一個(gè)…”用“one…the other…”。
the others 表示其余的幾個(gè)，要用定冠詞 the。
others 表示泛指“別人”或“別的東西”，常不加定冠詞。
another 意為“另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上人 ( 或事物 ) 中的“另一個(gè)”。
試比較：
A：Which sweater would you like , the red one or the blue one ? 你想要哪件毛衣，紅色的還是藍(lán)色的 ?
B：The red one . 紅色的。
I have two sisters . One is a teacher , the other is a doctor . 我有兩個(gè)姐姐，一個(gè)是教師，另一個(gè)當(dāng)醫(yī)當(dāng)。
The children are cleaning the classroom . Some are sweeping the floor , others are cleaning the window . 孩子們?cè)诖驋呓淌遥恍┱趻叩兀硪恍┰诓链白印?/p>
Lei Feng was always ready to help others . 雷鋒總是樂(lè)于助人。
Here are three pencils . One is red , another is blue , the third is yellow .
這里有三支鍋筆，一支是紅色的，另一支是藍(lán)色的，還有一支是黃色的。
【 妙文賞析 】
Not Such a Simple Question
Alan Chang was a handsome young man with good manners . One morning he was walking along a street on his way to an appointment . He did not want to be early or late . He had forgotten to put on his watch so he went up to a man who was waiting for a taxi .
“ Excuse me , sir , ”he said , very politely , “ but could you tell me the time ? ”
The man , who was very well - dressed and looked quite rich , said nothing . He did not even look at Alan . Alan spoke to him again . “ Excuse me , sir , ”he said , “ but could you please tell me what time it is ? ”
This time the man looked at him , but he did not speak and looked quickly away . Alan thought to himself: Well , he's not deaf . He must be just rude .
“ Why won't you tell me the time , sir ? ”he demanded .
The man turned towards him and said , Try to understand me . I am standing here waiting for a taxi . You come up to me and ask me for the time . If tell it to you , you will thank me . I will say , “ That's all right . ”You may then say , “ It's a beautiful day , ”to which I may reply “ Yes , I like these sunny winter days . ”
Before we know what is happening we have a friendly conversation . You are a pleasant , polite young man and so when my taxi comes , I offer you a fide . You accept . We talk . I like you . You like me . I invite you to my home . You meet my daughter . She is a very pretty girl . You are a good - looking man . You like each other . Soon you fall in love . You want to marry . Now do you understand my problem ? ”
Alan shook his head .
“ No sir , I'm sorry , I don't . Everything you have said seems very natural to me . ”
“ Exactly , ”the man said , “ and I do not want my daughter to marry a man who is too poor to buy a watch . Good morning to you . ”And with these words he hurried away .
注釋?zhuān)篽andsome 英俊的，manners 禮貌，appointment 約會(huì)，well-dressed 穿著考究的，衣著入時(shí)的，deaf 聾的，rude 粗魯?shù)模忠暗模瑹o(wú)禮的，demand 請(qǐng)求，要求，
【 思維體操 】
1 . A man phoned his daughter to ask her to buy a few things he needed for a trip . He told her she would find enough dollar bills for the purchases ( 采購(gòu) ) in an envelope on his desk . She found the envelope with“ 98 ”written on it . In a shop she bought 90 worth of things , but when it was time to pay , she didn't have 8 left over as she thought she would . In fact , she didn't have enough money to pay for all the purchases . By how much was she short ?
A . 8 . 00 . B . 10 . 00 . C . 6 . 00 D . 4 . 00 .
2 . Each of the Smith brothers has as many sisters as he has brothers . But each of the Smith sisters has twice as many brothers as she has sisters . How many brothers and sisters are there in the Smith family ?
A . Four brothers and three sisters . B . Three brothers and four sisters .
C . Two brothers and four sisters . D . Four brothers and five sisters .
3 . If a carpenter ( 木工 ) receives twenty-five cents for sawing ( 鋸 ) a board into two lengths , how much should he receive for saving the board into four lengths ?
A . 50 cents . B . 1 , 00 . C . 75 cents . D . 2 . 00 .
4 . How many times can 19 be subtracted ( 減去 ) from 27 ?
A . Once . B . Twice . C . Three . D . None .
5 . Some hens and cats are in a room . They are 36 legs and 15 heads in all . How many hens and cats are there in the room ?
A . 6 and 9 . B . 7 and 8 . C . 12 and 3 . D . 8 and 7 .
答案：1 - 5 DAAAC
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
簡(jiǎn)單句
在句子中應(yīng)注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須一致。
1 ) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 ( 謂語(yǔ) )
The moon rose . 月亮升起來(lái)了。
另外：在這種句型中，主語(yǔ)可被定語(yǔ)修飾。謂語(yǔ)常被副詞、介詞詞組等修飾，用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的程度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、狀況等。如：
The sun rises . 太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。
The red sun rises . 紅太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。
The red sun rises in the east . 紅太陽(yáng)在東方升起。
2 ) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)
All my friends like to study English and Chinese .
另外：及物動(dòng)詞除必須有賓語(yǔ)外，還可有修飾語(yǔ)，這點(diǎn)與不及物動(dòng)詞相同。修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在句末。這些狀語(yǔ)多數(shù)是副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，也可用名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)等。賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、不定式等。如：
They speak English quite well . 他們英語(yǔ)講得好。 ( 副詞作狀語(yǔ) )
3 ) 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)
My brother is a singer .My mother is a nurse .
另外：在這個(gè)句型中，連系動(dòng)詞以 be 動(dòng)詞為最多，此外還有 look , become , keep , get , turn 等。表語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。
It's getting colder and colder . 天氣越來(lái)越冷。
Please keep quiet ! 請(qǐng)保持安靜 !
【 動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
※ 英漢互譯
1 . 白天 2 . 時(shí)常 3 . 繼續(xù) 4 . 去散步
5 . 打電話(huà)給…… 6 . get warm 7 . at the moment 8 . by the way
9 . feel happy 10 . take - away food
答案：1 . day - time 2 . at times 3 . go on 4 . go for a walk 5 . ring up 6 . 變暖 7 . 此刻 8 . 順便說(shuō)一下 9 . 感到高興 10 . 熟食
※ 要點(diǎn)分析
1 . Now you can ______ the food at home .
A . do B . making C . cook D . doing
答案 C . do , make , cook 都含有“做”的含義，但用在食物上則只用 make 和 cook , make 側(cè)重于面食的制作，如包餃子，做蛋糕等，而 cook 側(cè)重“烹飪”，句中 can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后加動(dòng)詞 cook 原形。
2 . I saw him ______ the car , and he went into that shop .
A . getting on B . getting into C . getting off D . getting out of
答案 D . 上、下小汽車(chē)時(shí)不用 get on / off 短語(yǔ)，而要用 get into / out of , 另外前后兩分句由 and 連接為并列句，前后動(dòng)作應(yīng)一致，不可能上了小汽車(chē)又進(jìn)了商店，所以應(yīng)選擇下車(chē)，即 getting out of。
3 . There ______ water in the bottle .
A . is no B . is not C . are no D . are not
答案 A . water 為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，因此可排除C、D項(xiàng)，另外 no = not any , any 用來(lái)修飾 water 不可缺，因此不能只用 is not , 而要選A . is no。
4 . I didn't know why she ______ worried .
A . is B . felt C . looks D . feeled
答案 B . 在主從復(fù)合句中，除主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況外，主從句在時(shí)態(tài)上一律要保持一致，本題主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此從句也要用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，D項(xiàng)中 feeled 為一種錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)去式形式，因此選B。
5 . Miss Liu will never be late , ______ ?
A . won't she B . will Miss Liu C . is she D . will she
答案 D . never 為否定副詞，意為“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”因此陳述部分為否定句，那么反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分要用肯定形式 will，主語(yǔ) Miss Liu 相對(duì)應(yīng)的人稱(chēng)代詞為 she，因此選D，類(lèi)似這種情況的詞還有 hardly ( 幾乎不 ) ，few , little ( 幾乎沒(méi)有 ) ，nobody , no one ( 沒(méi)有人 ) ，nothing ( 沒(méi)有什么 ) 等。
※ 詞形變化
1 . day ( 反義詞 ) 2 . long ( 比較級(jí) )
3 . snow ( 現(xiàn)在分詞 ) 4 . cloud ( 形容詞 )
5 . happy ( 副詞 ) 6 . country ( 復(fù)數(shù) )
7 . stop ( 過(guò)去式 ) 8 . beautiful ( 最高級(jí) )
9 . stop ( 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) ) 10 . we ( 名詞性物主代詞 )
答案：1 . night 2 . longer 3 . snowing 4 . cloudy 5 . happily 6 . countries 7 . stopped 8 . most beautiful 9 . stops 10 . ours
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
1 . - Hi , Jim1
- ______
- It was a pleasure .
2 . - ______
- That'll be fine . I'll tell Mum . I think I'm free that night .
3 . - ______
- Sure .
4 . - ______
- Bye !
A . Goodbye !
B . I told my parents about it last night . They asked me to thank your mother . We hope you can come to our house for supper next Saturday .
C . Hi , Ann ! Thank you for supper last night . I enjoyed it very much .
D . Good . Please give me a ring after you talk to your parents .
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把填好的答案反饋給我們 )
答案：1 - 4 C B D A
【 同步題庫(kù) 】
Unit 21
Ⅰ . 單項(xiàng)填空
1 . There ______ fifty people , not counting the children .
A . have B . had C . was D . were
2 . There were ten ______ number .
A . in B . on C . at D . with
3 . Run as ______ as you can .
A . faster B . fastest C . the fastest D . fast
4 . He is always ready ______ others .
A . help B . to help C . helps D . helping
5 . This pair is ______ too large . Please show me another pair .
A . a few B . few C . a little D . a small
6 . She is ______ to get it down .
A . short enough B . enough tall C . tall enough D . enough high
7 . Would you like a little ______ milk ?
A . much B . many C . more D . most
8 . We enjoyed ______ at the party last night .
A . us B . our C . ourselves D . ourself
9 . The boys in Class One enjoy ______ football .
A . play B . playing C . to play D . plays
10 . Why did all his friends laugh ____ him ?
A . to B . at C . / D . over
11 . - How about coming with us to the film ?
- ______ .
A . I love B . I love to C . I'd love to D . I'd love
12 . What about ______ an early start ?
A . make B . making C . to make D . made
13 . - What colour is that eraser ?
- It's ______ .
A . a orange B . an orange C . the orange D . orange
14 . ______ the chickens before they are hatched ( 孵出 ) .
A . Count B . Counts C . Not count D . Don't count
15 . ______ is your father's birthday ?
A . Where B . When C . How D . Who
16 . How many ______ and ______ in your class ?
A . boy student ; girl ones B . boys student ; girls one
C . boy students ; girl ones D . boys students ; girls ones
17 . - ______ Mary's telephone number ?
- 2749588 .
A . How many is B . How much is C . What's D . Which are
18 . There are two big windows ______ the front wall .
A . in B . on C . at D . from
19 . He looked ______ and ill .
A . worry B . worried C . worrying D . to worry
20 . - How are you today ?
- I ______ fine , thanks .
A . to feel B . am feeling C . feels D . felt
Ⅱ . 單詞填空
根據(jù)上下文，填寫(xiě)一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。
One day Mr Fox came to Mr Hare's h______ and said . “Come with me q______ . Mrs Duck h______ six eggs . Come a______ see them . ”
Mr Hare said , “No , I'll n______ come . I'll s______ here . ”
Mr Fox said , “You a______ lazy ( 懶惰的 ) . ”