核心詞匯
1．The movie opens with a____________(場景)in a New York apartment.
2．You mustn’t park here without a parking____________(執(zhí)照)．
3．The girl is____________(盯著)at the stranger with her eyes wide open.
4. I have just____________(挑出)a mistake on the front cover of the magazine.
5．Never judge a person only by his clothes and____________(外貌)．
6．The reason he gave to____________(解釋)for his absence was unbelievable.
7．It’s good____________(禮貌)to say goodbye to the host when leaving.
8．It wasn’t a good thing；on the____________it was a huge mistake.
9．Teaching children with special needs requires____________and understanding.She is usually____________with her students and never makes them disappointed.(patience)
10．用adventure的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1) When you are a child，life is one big____________.
(2)Many young teachers would like to be more__________and creative.
1.scene 2.permit 3.staring 4.spotted 5.appearance 6.account 7.manners 8.contrary 9.patience；patient,10.(1)adventure；(2)adventurous
高頻短語
1．________________ 撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出
2．________________ 前進(jìn)；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說
3．________________ 偶然；無意中；不小心
4．________________ 盯著看；凝視
5．________________ 導(dǎo)致；做出解釋
6．________________ 與此相反；正相反
7．________________ 冒險(xiǎn)
8．________________ 衣衫襤褸
9．________________ 關(guān)于；至于
10．________________ 說實(shí)話
1.bring up 2.go ahead 3.by accident 4.stare at 5.account for 6.on the contrary 7.take a chance 8.in rags 9.as for 10.to be honest
重點(diǎn)句式
1．Well，towards nightfall I____________to sea by a strong wind.
嗯，夜晚來臨的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)刮進(jìn)了海里。
2．The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost____________by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
3．And____________brought you to England.
是那艘船把你帶到英國來的。
4．____________I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事實(shí)上我靠做義工來頂替船費(fèi)，這就是我衣冠不整的原因。
5．Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here__________you like.
真的，先生，我希望您想來的時候，您就來。
1.found myself carried out 2.when I was spotted 3.it was the ship that 4.The fact is that 5.whenever
知識詳解
1.scene n． (戲劇)一場；現(xiàn)場；場面；景色
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared，and it was quiet again.
孩子們在花園里高興地玩的場面消失后，花園又安靜了下來。
②(牛津P1779)Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
消防隊(duì)立刻趕到現(xiàn)場。
③They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.
他們火速趕到交通事故的現(xiàn)場。
【高效記憶】
[易混辨析]
scene，scenery，view
(1)scene指都市景觀或室內(nèi)陳設(shè)，還可指舞臺場面或部分布景，是可數(shù)名詞。
(2)scenery指山河湖海等自然景觀，也可指舞臺全部，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(3)view指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的風(fēng)景。
①The night scene in Shanghai is quite beautiful.
②They stopped to admire the scenery of the mountain.
③The view from the top of the hill is wonderful.
[即境活用]
1．Seeing the happy________of children playing in the park，I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.
A．sight B．scene
C．view D．sign
解析：選B。sight視力，視野；scene 場面，情景，景色；view 觀點(diǎn)，(從某一角度看到的)風(fēng)景；sign記號，符號，征兆。
2．On the top of Mount Tai，you can get a wonderful________of the sunrise.
A．view B．scene
C．sign D．sight
解析：選A。句意：從泰山山頂，你能看到美麗的日出景色。
2.permit v． 允許；容許；許可
n． 許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證
(回歸課本P18)Permit me to lead the way，sir.
先生，請讓我來帶路吧。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1478)Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
參觀者請勿拍照。
②My parents didn’t permit my going with you.
我父母不準(zhǔn)我和你一起去。
③We’ll discuss all the questions if time permits.
如果時間允許，我們將把所有問題都討論一下。
④You are not allowed to park here unless you have a permit.
除非你有許可證，否則不許在這里停車。
[即境活用]
3．I’m sorry，I can’t give you the telephone number without Mr.Smith’s________.
A．permission B．a(chǎn)llowing
C．a(chǎn)greement D．performance
解析：選A。考查名詞辨析。without one’s permission意為“未經(jīng)某人允許”。
4．She is a very gentle child，so she will never do anything that is not________of by her parents.
A．a(chǎn)dmitted B．reminded
C．permitted D．a(chǎn)pproved
解析：選D。approve of 贊成，稱許。admit承認(rèn)；remind提醒；permit允許，都為及物動詞，后無需再加of，故排除。
3.fault n． 責(zé)任；過錯；缺點(diǎn)
vt. 對……挑毛病
(回歸課本P18)It was all my fault.
這都是我的錯。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P742)Somehow，people seem to think it’s my fault for letting him in.
不知怎的，人們似乎認(rèn)為讓他進(jìn)來是我的過錯。
② I wonder how they got lost and whose fault it was.
我想知道他們是怎么迷路的，又是誰的過錯。
③He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.
他是一個總愛挑別人毛病的人。
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)我希望你不要再對我做的一切吹毛求疵了。
I wish you’d stop trying to ________ ________ ________ ________ I do.
答案：find fault with everything
(2)從你的文章里我找不到錯誤，它完美無瑕。
I can’t ________ ________ ________ your paper.It is perfect.
答案：find fault in
4.spot vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出
n． 斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn)
(回歸課本P18)The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P1946)I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.
我終于在人群中看見了我的朋友。
②(朗文P1987)They offered me a job on the spot.
他們當(dāng)即給我提供了一份工作。
③(牛津P1946)He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.
他把他當(dāng)時向她求婚的確切地點(diǎn)指給我看。
[即境活用]
6．我剛剛坐下來工作就發(fā)現(xiàn)有東西在樹林里挪動。
I had just sat down to work when I________ ________ ________in the trees.
答案：spotted something moving
5.account vi.& vt. 認(rèn)為；說明；總計(jì)有
n． 說明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目；報(bào)道
(回歸課本P18)The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance.
事實(shí)上我靠做義工來頂替船費(fèi)，這就是我為什么衣冠不整了。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P13)The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
天氣不好可能是人來得少的原因。
②(朗文P14)Recent pressures at work may account for Steve’s strange behaviour.
史蒂夫行為奇怪，可能是因?yàn)樗罱ぷ魃系膲毫λ隆?/p>
③On no account must you tell him the truth.
你決不可以把事實(shí)真相告訴他。
④His exam results were not very good，but we must take his long illness into account.
他的考試成績不是很好，但我們必須考慮到他曾長期生病。
[即境活用]
7．Even scientists cannot completely________the strange behaviors of animals before an earthquake.
A．a(chǎn)ccount for B．make for
C．call for D．go in for
解析：選A。考查動詞短語。句意：甚至連科學(xué)家都還不能完全解釋動物在地震前的奇怪行為。account for作出解釋。make for有利于；call for需要，要求；go in for從事，參加。
6.bring up 培養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐
(回歸課本P17)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.
他在密西西比河邊的密蘇里州的漢尼拔長大。
[歸納拓展]
bring about 引起，產(chǎn)生，帶來
bring down 使倒下；降低；減少
bring in 引進(jìn)；賺得；收(莊稼)
bring on 引起，導(dǎo)致；使……發(fā)展(或前進(jìn))；提出……供討論
[例句探源]
①(朗文P239)Some people laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
我第一次把這想法提出來時受到一些人的嘲笑。
②(朗文P239)All of our kids were brought up to respect other people.
我們的孩子都被教育要尊敬別人。
③He was born in the country but he was brought up by his aunt in the city.
他出生在鄉(xiāng)下，但是由姑母在城市里撫養(yǎng)長大。
④We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.
我們打算降低我們所有計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格。
[即境活用]
8．用bring about；bring up；bring in填空：
(1)Phelps was____________by his mother after his parents divorced when he was young.
答案：brought up
(2)Science and technology has____________many changes in our hometown.
答案：brought about
(3)The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was____________.
答案：brought in
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.(P18)
第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。
【句法分析】 had just done...when...剛做完某事，這時……
be doing...when...正在做……這時……
be about to do...when...正要做……這時……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……這時……
①He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
他剛上床睡覺，這時電話響了。
②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.
他正在讀報(bào)，這時聽到有人叫他的名字。
③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出門，一位不速之客來訪了。
④She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
她正要離開，這時我來了。
[即境活用]
9．(2010年高考全國卷Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window________his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if
C．a(chǎn)nd D．till
解析：選A。句意：湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do...when...”中，when作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time，句中was about to close為標(biāo)志詞，故答案為A項(xiàng)。
2【教材原句】 Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.(P22)
真的，先生，我希望您想來的時候，您就來。
【句法分析】 whenever 意為“在任何時候，無論何時”。
(1)whenever，wherever，however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時相當(dāng)于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)however 用作連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“不管怎樣……；無論如何……”，具體結(jié)構(gòu)為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每當(dāng)我們遇到困難的時候，他們都會幫助我們。
②However great the difficulties are，we must complete the task in time.不管困難有多大，我們都必須及時完成任務(wù)。
③Whatever your problems are，you mustn’t lose heart.
不管你面臨的是什么問題，都不要失去信心。
【溫馨提示】 whichever，whatever在句中還可作定語。
④The content is the same whichever book you choose.
不管你選哪一本書，內(nèi)容都是一樣的。
[即境活用]
10．(2010年高考上海卷)________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A．However a serious problem
B．What a serious problem
C．However serious a problem
D．What serious a problem
解析：選C。句意：不論你的問題有多嚴(yán)重，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣，接受挑戰(zhàn)。考查狀語從句。分析題干可知逗號前是讓步狀語從句，what不能用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句，所以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；however＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＝whatever＋a/an＋adj.＋單數(shù)名詞，故C項(xiàng)正確。
11．(2010年高考安徽卷)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，________they have the interest.
A．wherever B．whenever
C．even if D．a(chǎn)s if
解析：選C。句意：工程師們?nèi)绱嗣β担灾劣跊]時間做戶外活動，即使他們對做戶外活動很感興趣。本題考查連詞。even if即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。wherever無論什么地方；whenever無論什么時候；as if好像。
12．(2009年高考陜西卷)The howMto book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever
C．no matter who D．whoever
解析：選D。句意：指南類的書對想從事這項(xiàng)工作的任何人都會有幫助。本題考查名詞性從句。首先排除C項(xiàng)，no matter who只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句；who 表特指；whomever與whoever同樣可以表示任何人，但設(shè)空處連接代詞需作賓語從句的主語，故排除B項(xiàng)。
13．The magnificent tower must be saved，________ the cost!
A．however B．whichever
C．whatever D．wherever
解析：選C。考查連詞。該句是省略句，省略了謂語動詞is，補(bǔ)充完整就是whatever the cost is，由此可以看出從句中缺少的是表語。whichever表示在特定范圍內(nèi)選擇，而句中沒有可供選擇的范圍，所以要用whatever，相當(dāng)于no matter what，在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句
倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前(是整個謂語動詞，而非助動詞)。
【佳句選粹】
In came the teacher and the class began.
【分析】 句意：老師走了進(jìn)來，然后開始上
課。in放于句首，整個句子用了全部倒裝的形
式，came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)放到主語前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。
【佳句選粹】
Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】 句意：如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到達(dá)那里。此句前半部分省去了If，把were提前。
【佳句選粹】
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
【分析】 句意：小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。否定詞放于句首，主句用部分倒裝，did提到了主語little John之前。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式，寫作中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)
句，常見的有：
【佳句選粹】
It was on Monday night that all this happened.
【分析】 句意：所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is(was)＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that(who)＋原句其他成分”來強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的意
愿，強(qiáng)調(diào)時間“on Monday night”。
【佳句選粹】
①He does know the place well.
他的確很熟悉這個地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來信。
【分析】 用助動詞“do(does/did)＋動詞原形”來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
（小周）