【高考走向】
非謂語動(dòng)詞，即不定式、-ing分詞和 -ed分詞作定語的用法較靈活,是高考重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容之一。
高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的考查主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：
1．不定式作定語；
2．-ing分詞作定語；
3．-ed分詞作定語。
【典型例題】
1．(北京2000, 單項(xiàng)填空)The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
正確答案：B 根據(jù)題干判斷，句中需要一個(gè)既作定語又表狀態(tài)的非謂語動(dòng)詞，所以選B。
2．（NMET97，單項(xiàng)填空）The Olympic Games,______in 776 B.C., did not include women
players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
正確答案：C 此題考查分詞作非限制性定語的用法，有被動(dòng)意義，動(dòng)作已完成，所以選C。
3．（NMET94，單項(xiàng)填空）The first text books _______ for teaching English as a
foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
正確答案：D 此題考查分詞的限制性定語用法，其他與例2類似，所以選D。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥】
1．不定式作定語
① 不定式作定語常用于不定代詞或被the first/next/only/last等修飾的名詞和其他一些名
詞、代詞之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一個(gè)將來或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，完成式則表示
該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。
例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
② 如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~.
例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)
③ 不定式作定語修飾一個(gè)在邏輯上是其賓語名詞時(shí),若在句子中能找到該不定式的邏輯主語,
則該不定式多用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，否則，用被動(dòng)式。
例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)
Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有時(shí)用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式意思不同。
比較：There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)
2．-ing分詞作定語
① 單個(gè)的-ing分詞作定語一般前置,說明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途等,-ing短語作定語一般后
置；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的單個(gè)-ing分詞也常后置。
例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )
a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
② -ing分詞作定語一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在說話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正
在進(jìn)行，否則，要用從句作定語。
例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?
Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk
yesterday?
The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our
class yesterday.
比較：誤：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
3．-ed分詞作定語
-ed分詞作定語一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或已完成動(dòng)作,-ing分詞表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,
-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式則表示一個(gè)正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例如：a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.
4．像定語從句一樣，分詞作定語也有非限制性的，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。
例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.
The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.
【知識(shí)過關(guān)】
1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the
school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?
A. to be held B. being held C. will be held D. held
6. I like most of the books _______ in this _______ house.
A. publishing, publishing B. published, published
C. published, publishing D. publishing, published
7. This is one of the questions _______ at the meeting now.
A. to discuss B. to be discussed
C. being discussed D. discussed
8. Would you please give me a piece of paper _______?
A. to write B. to write on C. to write with D. to be written
正確答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B