高中英語第 3 冊(cè) Unit 16
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，同學(xué)們可以了解西方國(guó)家兼職工作的由來，了解處理人際關(guān)系的重要性和向他人尋求心理咨詢的必要性。
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會(huì)單詞和詞組：preparation , affect , show sb around , so long as ,
三會(huì)單詞和詞組：have a gift for , easy-going , fun-loving , tourism , workmate
Ⅱ. 交際英語
Apologies , regrets and responses
1. I’m sorry …
2. I apologize …
3. Please excuse me …
4. I’m afraid …
5. I shouldn’t …
6. I ought to do …
7. What a shame !
8. That’s nothing . / Never mind . / It’s not important . / It doesn’t matter . / That’s all right . / That’s OK .
9. Don’t worry .
10. Forget it .
Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。另外要特別留心情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、詞組中介詞與被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞組，如：belong to , break out等。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. preparation準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備
I did little preparation for the examination .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗注意詞組make preparations for（為……做好準(zhǔn)備）中的preparation要用復(fù)數(shù)。
They are busy in making preparations for an international medical conference .
in preparation for作為……的準(zhǔn)備
She bought a new coat in preparation for winter .
prepare for為……做準(zhǔn)備
We must prepare for the party .
be prepared to do準(zhǔn)備好地干……。樂意干…… 。prepare sb for = prepare sb to do讓某人做好……準(zhǔn)備。如：
I prepared him for the bad news .
We’ll prepare her to face the difficulty .
2. affect對(duì)……影響，發(fā)生作用
The noise from the street affected our work .
The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight .
Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops ?
The story affected us deeply .
注意：effect結(jié)果，效果。have an effect on / upon對(duì)……有效。
3. easy-going隨和的；輕松的
You’d better make yourself easy-going .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. take a part-time job干臨時(shí)工
take a fuu-time job全班工
2. be on one’s / the way to a lecture在去聽報(bào)告的途中
注意：on one’s / the way to doing即將
He is on the way to becoming a doctor .
3. ask sb for directions = ask sb the way問路
4. go in the direction of朝……方向去
I saw her go in the direction of the bus stop .
5. have a gift for對(duì)……有天賦
As far as I know , she has a gift for music .
6. make … lively and interesting
You are supposed to make your speech lively and interesting , which is of great importance .
7. at lunchtime在中飯時(shí)
注意類似詞組：at dawn在黎明時(shí)，at supper在吃晚飯時(shí)，at work在上班，等。
8. start one’s own business開始經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的行業(yè)
9. offer guide services to tourists向游客們提供導(dǎo)游服務(wù)
10. lead / live an active life生活活潑
To my great disappointment , he didn’t lead an active life .
11. in a difficult position = in trouble碰到麻煩
12. have nothing to lose不會(huì)有任何情況
13. catch sb stealing當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人偷東西
Later , the salesgirl was caught stealing the goods .
14. in my personal opinion在我個(gè)人看來
15. play a trick on作弄某人
It’s impolite for them to play tricks on the foreigners .
16. call in the police叫來警察
17. turn out better結(jié)果會(huì)更好些
18. set up a company建立一個(gè)公司
19. warn sb about / of sth提醒某人當(dāng)心…… 。warn sb against sth = warn sb not to do sth 。
20. in the course of 在……期間
He fell sick in the course of the discussion .
21. write a reply to sb = write a letter of reply to sb給某人回信
22. have a great / happy weekend= have a good time at weekend過個(gè)非常愉快的周末
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1. He was on his way to a lecture, … 他正在去聽講座的路上。
〖明晰〗 on one’s/the way在路上，走向；在進(jìn)行中。on one’s/the way home ( there , abroad)在回家（去那兒，回國(guó)）的途中，on one’s/the way to one’s home在回某人家的途中， on one’s/the way to do在去干…的途中，on one’s/the way to doing即將實(shí)現(xiàn)……。如：
On the way home he thought over many things . 在回家途中他考慮了很多事情。
He is well on the way to becoming a fine engineer. 他快要成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的工程師了。/ The patient is on his way to recovery . 病人在復(fù)元中。
2. … and Fred discovered that he had a gift for making a visit interesting and lively . 弗雷德發(fā)現(xiàn)自己具有一種使觀光既有趣又生動(dòng)的天賦。
〖明晰〗(1) have a gift for (= have a good head for)有……的才能，有鑒別力，有天才。 如：
He had no gift for making polite conversation at parties . 他生來不善于在集會(huì)上講應(yīng)酬話。
(2) 形容詞interesting and lively作making的賓語補(bǔ)足語。以-ly結(jié)尾的單詞有些是形容詞，不是副詞。如：lovely可愛的，friendly友好的，orderly 井井有條的， comradely 同志般的， lively 生動(dòng)活潑的， motherly 母親般的， monthly每月的，likely可能的，deadly致命的，lonely偏僻的，寂寞的，silly傻的，daily每月的。
3. In the evenings he studied hard for his exams, and most mornings he took tourists around Oxford . 晚上他努力學(xué)習(xí)為考試作準(zhǔn)備，而大多數(shù)上午他帶領(lǐng)游人參觀牛津大學(xué)。
〖明晰〗(1) evening , morning , afternoon , Sunday等用復(fù)數(shù)形式可作副詞，含有每逢這些時(shí)間之意。如：
He studied days and worked evenings .他白天學(xué)習(xí)，晚上工作。
I never get up early on Sundays . 每逢星期天我從不起早。
(SEFC B 3 L62) It’s a part-time job, so I only work evenings . 這是份計(jì)時(shí)工，所以我只是晚上干。
(2) take sb around＝ show sb around / over , round引導(dǎo)某人參觀。
If you are free at two o’clock on Friday, I shall be delighted to take you around this ice-free port . 如果你星期五下午兩點(diǎn)鐘有空，我將樂意帶你參觀這個(gè)不凍港。
4.This is one example of a part-time job leading to greater things . 這個(gè)例子說明了計(jì)時(shí)工能導(dǎo)致更大的事業(yè)。
〖明晰〗lead to導(dǎo)致；通向。如：
His carelessness led to the accident . 他的粗枝大業(yè)導(dǎo)致了這次事故。
I suggest she take that path leading to the temple . 我建議她走通向寺院的那條路。
5. Generally you will have a greater chance of finding a suitable job if you have done some part-time jobs . 一般來說，如果你做過一些計(jì)時(shí)工， 那么你找到一份合適工作的機(jī)會(huì)就多。
〖明晰〗(1) generally ＝in general＝generally speaking一般來講。
(2) 已學(xué)過由chance構(gòu)成的詞組有：have a/no chance of doing有(無) 機(jī)會(huì)干， have a greater chance of doing有干……更大的機(jī)會(huì)，give a chance to do給某人一次機(jī)會(huì)，lose no chance for不放松，抓緊，by chance偶然，無意中，by any chance萬一，碰巧。
(3) 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句中的動(dòng)作提前完成。如：
If you have learned English , you’ll find it a bridge to so much knowledge . 當(dāng)你學(xué)會(huì)了英語之后，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是通向如此豐富知識(shí)的橋梁。
If he has taken two pills of medicine , he will feel much better soon . 假如他服了兩片藥丸后，很快就會(huì)感覺好些。
6. I’ve got a problem and as I don’t know what to do I thought I’d write to you and ask for your advice . 我有一個(gè)問題，由于我不知道該怎么辦，所以我想我還是給你寫信，向你請(qǐng)教。
〖明晰〗(1) what to do為“疑問詞＋to do”可在句中作主語、賓語、表語。如：
(SEFC B 3 L22) How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today . 如何去除廢物是當(dāng)今世界的一大問題。（作主語）
We wondered when to set sail . 我們不知道何時(shí)起航。（作賓語）
(2) I thought在句中作插入語。
(3) advice常用于如下搭配中：ask for one’s advice征求某人的建議 / follow (take) one’s advice采納某人的建議 / refuse one’s advice on 拒絕某人在… 的建議 / act on / upon one’s advice聽從某人的勸告/ act against one’s advice
不顧某人的建議/a useful piece(bit, word) of advice to sb對(duì)某人的一個(gè)有益的勸告/give sb some advice on……給某人在……一些建議。
7. I think I’m in a difficult position . 我覺得我的處境很麻煩。
〖明晰〗in a difficult position / situation ＝ in trouble.處于不幸（苦惱、困境）中。如：
He is always ready to help anyone who is in a difficult position . 他總是樂于幫助有困難的人。
8. show sb around (round , over) , take sb around , visit, pay a visit to , be on a visit to , make visits to , look around , go sight-seeing
〖明晰〗(1) show sb around (round, over)=take sb around(round, over)領(lǐng)著某人參觀。 如：
we’ll be shown around the supermarket in a minute . 馬上就領(lǐng)我們?nèi)⒂^一下那個(gè)超級(jí)市場(chǎng)。
(2) visit , pay a visit to , be on a visit to的后面可跟人，也可跟某地。 單獨(dú)使用visit還可作“視察、巡視”之意。
She will pay a visit to Europe . 將對(duì)歐洲進(jìn)行訪問。
Restaurant and hotel kitchens are visited regularly by public health inspectors . 餐館及旅館的廚房定期由公共衛(wèi)生官員檢察。
on a visit to參觀，拜訪(表達(dá)狀態(tài)或作定語)，make visits to經(jīng)常拜訪。如：
She has been on a visit to our province for a week . 她已對(duì)我省進(jìn)行了五天的訪問。
(3) look around/round觀光，游覽； 掉頭環(huán)顧。如：
Do we have time to look around the town before lunch ? 我們中飯前有時(shí)間在城里游覽一下嗎 ?
(4) sight-seeing n. adj. 觀光游覽的。如：a sight seeing bus 旅游車。
9. lively , lovely , living , live , life , alive
〖明晰〗 (1) lively adj.“活潑的，生動(dòng)的，栩栩如生的”，可作表語定語和賓補(bǔ)，既可指人，也可指物。如：
I feel that everything here is lively . 我覺得這兒的一切都富有生氣。
(2) lovely adj.可愛的；秀美動(dòng)人的。如：
It was lovely to hear from you again . 收到你的來信真讓人高興!
(3) live v.生活， adj. 活的， 實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的（常作某物的定語），life是live的名詞形式。
We’re living a happy life . 我們過著幸福的生活。
He bought scores of live fish last week . 上周他買了不少的活魚。
We watched the football match on live television . 我們看了電視實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽。
(4) alive “活著的，存在的”，常作表語或補(bǔ)語。既可用于人，也可用于物，作定語時(shí)常后置。如：
If she is alive, she is the happiest woman alive . 她若活著，她是世界上最幸福的人。
(5) living “活著的，有生命的”。常作前置定語。如：
the greatest living painter 還活在人間的最偉大的畫家 / There’re no living things on the moon . 月球上沒有生物。
另外，living除作現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞外，還可作名詞“生活、生涯、生計(jì)”等， 多用于句型：make / earn a / one’s living by + ing以干……謀生。
10. affect , effect , result
〖明晰〗(1)affect v. 影響，作用（指經(jīng)常暗示某種變化， 對(duì)象是人時(shí)可指思想上感情上的變 化）。如：
The economic crisis has seriously affected the country’s exports . 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)嚴(yán)重地影響了該國(guó)的出口。
The sight affected her to tears . 此情景使她感動(dòng)得流淚。
(2) effect n. 影響，效果。如：
It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking . 那件事對(duì)他的思維有近乎直接的影響。
This medicine has no effect upon her disease . 這種藥對(duì)他的病沒有作用。
(3) result結(jié)果；效果；成果。如：
In my judgment certain factors affecting the result have been overlooked . 照我看來，某些影響效果的因素被忽略了。
11. link , connect , join , combine , unite
〖明晰〗(1) link聯(lián)接；聯(lián)系（指不同事物間的聯(lián)系）。常用be linked with與……有聯(lián)系
The interest of his is linked with that of the country . 他的利益同國(guó)家的利益聯(lián)系在一起。
(2) connect的語氣沒有combine強(qiáng)，表一種事物與其他事物的關(guān)系。常用 be connected with與……相聯(lián)接。如：
They are connected with Chen’s family by their niece’s marriage . 他們和陳家只不過因侄女的婚姻有親戚關(guān)系。
Some films combine education with recreation . 有些電影能容教育于娛樂之中。
(3) join連接（是指把分離的兩者連接在一起）。常用join up接好，join…to 把……與……相聯(lián)接。如：Please join the wires up . 請(qǐng)把電線接好。
(4) unite聯(lián)合（強(qiáng)調(diào)二者組成一個(gè)整體以及把分散的部分統(tǒng)一起來）。如：
Let’s unite against the common enemy . 讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來反對(duì)共同的敵人。
【妙文賞析】
不要小看英語中的逗號(hào)
按照結(jié)構(gòu)，英語句子可以分為三大類，即簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。在簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
中，逗號(hào)對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)沒有影響。例如：
1 . However , he wants to be an engineer .
2 . Hearing the news , he looked very happy .
3 . He works in the company , too .
4 . He , together with his classmates , will see the film .
5 . The man , teaching us English , is from the U . S . A .
6 . Stop here , or you will be fined .
上述六個(gè)句子中的逗號(hào)只起停頓作用。不管有沒有逗號(hào)，句1 - 句5都是簡(jiǎn)單句， 去逗號(hào)也是簡(jiǎn)單句。句6有逗號(hào)是并列句，沒有逗號(hào)也是并列句。但是在含有非限制性定語從句或狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，逗號(hào)的作用就至關(guān)重要了。請(qǐng)看下面的例題：
1 . The weather turned out to be very good , _____ was more than we could expect .
A . what B . that C . it D . which
此題是考查非限制性定語從句的用法。因?yàn)橛卸禾?hào)的存在，我們可以判定逗號(hào)前面的部分為主句，后面的部分為從句，故答案為D . which 。假如把逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)，則原題空白處應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t 。
2 . He has two sons , both of ____ are studying in Australia .
A . them B . who C . whom D . they
此題和例題1一樣，因有逗號(hào)的存在，故答案為C . whom , 這樣才能使逗號(hào)后面的部分能充當(dāng)非限制性定語從句。假如把逗號(hào)改成句號(hào)，上句便成為：He has two sons . Both of them are studying in Australia .
3 . _____ is known to all , the compass was first made in China .
A . What B . It C . As D . That
其實(shí)此題也是要考查非限制性定語從句的用法，只不過是把從句放到了主句前面。由于從句中缺少主語，那么能充當(dāng)主語的就只能是關(guān)系代詞As ( 即選項(xiàng)C ) 。假如去掉逗號(hào)，則應(yīng)將句子改為：It is known to all that the compass was first made in China . 這時(shí)that引導(dǎo)主語從句，It為形式主語。
4 . _____ having lessons , you shouldn’t make noises here .
A . The students are B . As the students are
C . As the students D . Because the students
此題中，逗號(hào)后面的部分為主句，逗號(hào)前面的部分應(yīng)為狀語。因此，答案應(yīng)選用B，以使逗號(hào)前面的部分成為狀語從句。
5 . _____ , so you should go to help him .
A . As he is in trouble B . He is in trouble
C . Being in trouble D . He being in trouble
此題中，逗號(hào)后面的so為并列連詞，逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)分句應(yīng)該對(duì)等。C，D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是分句，可排除；A項(xiàng)是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，不能與so連用。因此，答案為B 。
6 . ____ , they have to have lessons outdoors .
A . The classroom is begin painted B . Being painted
C . Having painted D . The classroom being painted
此題中，逗號(hào)后面的部分為主句，逗號(hào)前面的部分應(yīng)為狀語 ( 從句或短語 ) 。由于A項(xiàng)不能作狀語從句，可以先排除；而B，C兩項(xiàng)的邏輯主語與后面句子的主語不一致，因此也應(yīng)該將它們排除。D項(xiàng)雖然不是狀語從句，但是它是由狀語從句簡(jiǎn)化而來的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，同樣能作狀語，故答案為D 。
【思維體操】
是 A 還是 B ?
1 . I gave her some money on the understanding that she should spend it on books .
A . 以……為條件 B . 我想 ( 我覺得 )
2 . Father has made a bed for me .
A . 鋪好床 B . 做了一張床
3 . I won't make the last train .
A . 造最后以節(jié)車廂 B . 趕最后一班車
4 . Mimi is the black sheep of his family .
A . 黑羊 B . 敗家子
5 . Xiao Li is really the salt of the earth .
A . 好心人 B . 地球之鹽
6 . You leave me in the cold , friend .
A . 讓我受凍 B . 令我掃興
7 . The child is in hot water .
A . 惹麻煩 B . 掉進(jìn)熱水
8 . I answer complaints on the phone .
A . 埋怨對(duì)方 B . 解答對(duì)方所抱怨的問題
9 . The Indians declared that this “ Pass Law ” was unfair .
A . 通行證法 B . 被通過的法律
10 . With the help of green houses , the villagers can provide cities and towns with all the vegetables in cold weather .
A . 綠色房子 B . 溫室
11 . He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points .
A . 形成自己的政治觀點(diǎn) B . 闡述自己的政治觀點(diǎn)
12 . There is nothing worse than breaking the suitcase for the trip .
A . 弄壞箱子 B . 箱子太小
13 . We are none too early for the train .
A . 我們剛好趕上火車。 B . 我們一個(gè)都沒趕上火車。
參考答案：1 - 5 A A B B A 6 - 10 B A B A B 11 - 13 B B A
三、智能顯示
單詞拼寫對(duì)比專練
根據(jù)下列每組句子所給漢語注釋，寫出空白處各單詞的正確形式。
1 . _____ ( 鼓舞 ) by the spirit of Comrade Lei feng , more and more people try their best to do good deeds .
Our English teacher often _____ ( 鼓勵(lì) ) us to practise more spoken English .
2 . We loved visiting China and greatly _____ ( 感激 ) everyone’s kindness .
3 . I haven’t a thing in _____ ( 共同 ) with her .
4 . We had a very _____ ( 令人愉快的 ) trip in this summer vacation .
Last night her _____ ( 悅耳的 ) voice made herself heard clearly in the big hall .
5 . Edison showed great ____ ( 興趣 ) in science when he was a boy .
I’m not quite _____ ( 興趣 ) in this kind of jacket . Please show me another one .
6 . The boy is _____ ( 不斷 ) asking me many questions .
With the help of man – made satellites , now we can have _____ ( 連續(xù)不斷 ) TV programmes every day .
7 . Disny moved to the west _____ ( 海岸線 ) of the U . S . A . .
“How beautiful the sea is!”We walked along the _____ ( 海濱 ) without the thought of going back .
8 . We learn twelve subjects , English _____ ( 包括 ) .
There are three sweaters in the box . _____ ( 包括 ) the red one .
9 . The _____ ( 演員 ) gave rather a wooden performance . She was too nervous .
The _____ ( 演員 ) was so nervous that he couldn’t say anything .
10 . What I have seen is _____ ( 不一樣 ) from what I have heard .
We talked about _____ ( 各種各樣 ) things .
11 . Cotton is growing fine in our country , _____ ( 尤其 ) in Hubei province .
Uncle Wang came to Hangzhou _____ ( 特地 ) to see me .
12 . Look! The classroom is very dirty . You must give it a _____ ( 徹底 ) cleaning .
The army made a ____ ( 完全 ) successful attack on the enemy capital .
13 . Please give my best ____ ( 問候 ) to your parents .
When I get home , I always say ____ ( 問候 ) to my parents .
14 . Don’t be ____ ( 泄氣 ) . Try it harder in some other way .
She was very ____ ( 失望 ) at losing the election .
15 . What else did you buy ____ ( 除了 ) this cap?
I can take my holidays at any time ____ ( 除了 ) in August .
16 . Does she have enough ____ ( 力氣 ) to lift the box?
The police and the army have been given special ____ ( 權(quán)力 ) to deal with the situation .
17 . When I ____ ( 檢查 ) my shopping list , I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs .
The doctor ____ ( 檢查 ) her carefully and found she had got a high fever .
18 . Thank you for offering us so much ____ ( 信息 ) we needed .
There is an important ____ ( 口信 ) for you from your brother .
19 . The man was highly praised for having the ____ ( 勇氣 ) to go into the burning house to save the two girls .
The soldier showed great _____ ( 勇敢 ) in fighting with the enemy .
20 . My mother likes this kind of soap ____ ( 粉 ) .
The ____ ( 面粉 ) can be used for making bread and cakes .
答案：1 . Inspired , encourages 2 . obliged , appreciated 3 . common , same 4 . pleasant , pleasing 5 . interest , interested 6 . constantly , continuous 7 . coast , shore 8 . included , including 9 . actress , actor 10 . different , various 11 . especially , specially 12 . thorough , completely 13 . regards , hello 14 . discouraged , disappointed 15 . besides , except 16 . strength , powers 17 . checked , examined 18 . information , message 19 . courage , bravery 20 . powder , flour
【心中有數(shù)】
單元語法發(fā)散思維
一、介詞形式，被動(dòng)意義
This new railway is still under construction . 這條新鐵路仍在建設(shè)中。
本句中的under construction “正在建設(shè)中”。介詞under構(gòu)成的短語，如果它的賓語是表示動(dòng)作的名詞，通常含有被動(dòng)意義，意為“在……過程中”。它可改換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但介詞結(jié)構(gòu)使句子言簡(jiǎn)意賅，避免過多地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這種介詞短語在句中常作表語，也可作補(bǔ)足語或定語。例如：
Your suggestion is still under discussion . 你的建議正在討論中。
He is said to be under arrest fr stealing . 據(jù)說他由于偷竊被捕了。
The house under repair is our classroom building . 正在修建的房屋是我們的教學(xué)樓。
常見的這類under短語還有：
under attack在進(jìn)攻中，under arrest在關(guān)押中，under consideration在考慮中，under construction在建設(shè)中，under contact在聯(lián)系中，under discussion在討論中，under examination在審查中，under investigation在調(diào)查中，under repair在修理中，under review在審議中 under treatment在醫(yī)治中，under trial在受審中
還有一些介詞，如in , on , for , above , beyond , past , out of , within等，也可以構(gòu)成表示動(dòng)作的介詞短語。如：
The writer has finished writing his novel but it is not yet in print . (= …being printed)
作者已經(jīng)寫完了他的小說，但尚未出版。
Grapes from XinJiang are on sale . (=…to be rented) 還有兩間房出租。
His virtue is above all praise . (=…can’t be praised completely) 他的美德贊頌不盡。
The fellow’s insolence is beyond endurance . (=…can’t be endured) 這家伙傲慢無禮，叫人受不了。
His car was out of control . (=…could not be controlled)那部汽車失去了控制。
The pain was almost past bearing . (=…couldn’t be borne) 痛得簡(jiǎn)直受不了。
The city is already within sight . (=…can be seen already) 城市已經(jīng)望得見了。(在視野之中)
二、主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)意義
初學(xué)被動(dòng)語態(tài)不少同學(xué)常將應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)形式的句子錯(cuò)用為被動(dòng)形式。請(qǐng)看如下句子和兩
道高考題：
1. Those programmes are usually easy to receive and not difficult to understand .
2. They were still difficult to read and were very heavy to carry .
3. The sick woman needs ______ ( MET88 – 2 )
A . Looking after B . to be looking after
C . to look after D . being looked after (A)
4. We think the film is ______ ( MET85 – 1 )
A . worth to see B . worthy of seeing
C . worth seeing D . worthy to see I
句1意思為：這些節(jié)目通常很容易接收到而且也不難理解。句2意思為：這些書籍讀起來還是很費(fèi)勁，拿起來又很重。在學(xué)習(xí)句1句2時(shí)，學(xué)生習(xí)慣誤譯為：1. Those programmes are usually easy to be received and not difficult to be understood . 2. They were still difficult to be read and were very heavy to be carried . 所以總結(jié)一下主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況是十分必要的。
(一) 不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
1 . 當(dāng)不定式用在作表語的形容詞后，在句中作狀語，而句中的主語又是不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，通常用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如上述句1句2。能帶主動(dòng)語態(tài)的不定式而表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的形容詞常見的有：easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、bitter、dangerous、light、interesting、important、expensive、fit、comfortable、pleasant、impossible等。其句型為S + link v + adj . + infinitive ( 主動(dòng)語態(tài) ) ，類似這種貌似主動(dòng)實(shí)為被動(dòng)的系表結(jié)構(gòu)的又如以下例句。
Habits are easy to make but hard to break . ( Habits是to make、to break的邏輯賓語 ) 。
The water is fit to drink .
The picture is pleasant to look at .
2 . 當(dāng)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞的賓語，而句子的主語也是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)。例如：
Mathilde only has a small cold room to live in . ( Mathilde是to live in的邏輯主語 )
He bought some magazines to read . ( He是to read的邏輯主語 )
3 . 當(dāng)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞，是及物動(dòng)詞的直接賓語，而間接賓語是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)。例如：
Mother always gives her little daughter some picture books to read . ( Her little daughter是to read的邏輯主語 )
The teacher gave the students some paper to write on . ( The students是to write on的邏輯主語 )
4 . 當(dāng)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞，是“there be…. ”結(jié)構(gòu)句中的主語時(shí) ( 此處用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)式，一般說來無意義上的不同 ) 。例如：
There are many problems to work out . ( to be worked out )
(二) 在動(dòng)詞want、need、require等后面常用動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義，等于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。再如：
The bike needs ( wants ) repairing ( = to be repaired ) . 自行車需要修理了。
(三) worth后跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)，但是不跟不定式的被動(dòng)。再如：
This novel is well worth reading。這本小說很值得閱讀。
(四) 有些動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞，只有主動(dòng)形式，常視為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：
1 . take place、happen、break out等。
A big fire happened / took place / broke out last night .
2 . 感官動(dòng)詞 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主動(dòng)形式表示被意思。請(qǐng)看：
How sweet the music sounds !
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .
3 . write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。請(qǐng)看下面句子：
The book sells well . ( 這本書銷路很好。 )
The door will not open . ( 這扇門就是打不開。 )
This dress washes better . ( 這衣服較好洗。 )
The sign reads as follows . ( 這牌子告示如下。 )
三、be made of及其他
1 . 制成品中能看出原料，用be made of ; 制成品的原料變化看不出來，用be made from。如：
The desk is made of wood .
Paper is made from wood .
2 . 用of時(shí)可用out of表示語氣的加強(qiáng)。如：
This cup is made out of glass .
We make bread out of flour . (不要省去out。成品(bread)做賓語時(shí)，要說out of。)
3 . 原料前用with , 表示這種原料是這種制成品的主要原料，或能說明其特點(diǎn)的一種原料，或者強(qiáng)調(diào)用什么材料。如：
A fruit cake is made with fruit .
Can you make a boat with this piece of wood ?
4 . make…into…意為“將(什么原料)制成(什么成品)”。如：
Glass can be made into cups .
We can make glass into cups .
5 . be made up of，意為“由……組成，由……構(gòu)成”，相當(dāng)于consist of。如：
Our class is made up of sixty students .
This machine is made up of hundreds of different parts .
6 . be made in+地點(diǎn)，意為“由(某地)制造，在(某地)制造”。如：
This machine is made in China .
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
漢語式典型錯(cuò)誤例析（上）
1 . The price of oil is expensive now .
2 . How much is the population of China?
3 . How do you call it in English?
4 . How long have you bought the bike?
5 . The sun rises from the east .
6 . She married with a rich man .
7 . Tom hit her on her back .
8 . How is he like? He is tall and thin .
9 . This is the boy his English is very good .
10 . I want to see how your new pen looks like .
11 . They are lazy . Both of them are not diligent .
12 . He is very easy to get angry .
13 . He suggested me to drink plenty of water .
14 . Cotton is felt soft .
15 . The book is very worth reading .
16 . He longed me to be a good student .
17 . Don’t read under the sun .
18 . There are many people study English .
19 . How should I do with the letter?
20 . I don’t know how to do .
21 . Thought he has worked for ten hours , he felt not a little tired .
22 . Do you know the girl whose name is called Jenny?
23 . They fled away when they saw their teacher .
24 . We should serve for the people heart and soul .
25 . This pair of shoes are a bit tight . Show me another one .
26 . Those who against the plan raise your hands .
27 . The dress spent him a lot of money .
28 . His house broke out a great fire last night .
29 . His hometown has taken great changes since liberation .
30 . We must find a box to put these books .
【答案與解析】 1 . expensive→high 2 . How much→What 3 . How→What 4 . bought→had 5 . from→in 6 . 去掉with或married with→is married to 7 . her→the 8 . How→What 9 . his→whose 10 . 去掉like或how→What 11 . Both of them are not diligent . →Neither of them is diligent . 12 . 此句應(yīng)為：He gets angry easily . 13 . me to drink→my drinking或that I should drink 14 . is felt→feels 15 . very→well 16 . longed→longed for 17 . under→in 18 . 在study前加who 19 . How→What 20. 在do后加it或how→what 21 . not a little→not a bit 22 . 去掉away 24 . 去掉for 25 . one→pair 26 . 在against前加are 27 . spent→cost 28 . 此句應(yīng)為：A great fire broke out in his house last night . 29 . 此句應(yīng)為：Great changes have taken place in his hometown since liberation . 30 . 在books后加in
【創(chuàng)新園地】
假如你是景山中學(xué)的一名學(xué)生，你校將進(jìn)行一次以“My Future”為主題的英語演講會(huì)，你作為代表發(fā)言，擬定一個(gè)講演稿，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：
1、教師是人類靈魂的工程師，孩提時(shí)代的夢(mèng)想就是當(dāng)教師，所以決定做一名中學(xué)教師。
2、孩子是祖國(guó)的未來和希望，我認(rèn)為孩子是早晨八、九點(diǎn)鐘的太陽，我們應(yīng)該與孩子建立良好的師生關(guān)系。
3、我國(guó)師資隊(duì)伍缺乏，想當(dāng)教師的人不多，主要原因是工作辛苦，收入不高。
4、隨著歲月的流逝，我漸漸地決心獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)。
注意：要求格式正確。字?jǐn)?shù)110字左右。
（請(qǐng)同學(xué)們寫好后把答案反饋給我們）
【創(chuàng)新園地】答案
Dear friends ,
Welcome to China . I’m very glad to tell you what you’re going to do during your stay in Beijing . Our headmaster is to meet you on Monday morning and will introduce our school to you . You’ll be shown the lab building and the library in the afternoon . On Tuesday the students of the two countries are to visit the Great Wall , where Mr Zhang will tell you about it . In the evening a party will be held in Room 402 .On Wednesday you’ll be free to talk with the Chinese students . And you’ll leave for Xi’an by train at 8:45 on Tuesday morning . Have a good time here .
Thank you .
【同步題庫(kù)】
Unit 16
易拼錯(cuò)的 NMET 考綱詞匯對(duì)比練
1 . A . What he said ______ ( 影響 ) me greatly .
B . This book has a great ______ ( 影響 ) on him .
2 . A . He is in ______ ( 負(fù)責(zé) ) of the work .
B . Great ______ ( 變化 ) have taken place in our country .
3 . A . This plane is in the ______ ( 過程 ) of the flight .
B . What ' s the ______ ( 原因 ) of the accident ?
C . Where is the ______ ( 源頭 ) of the river ?
4 . A . It ' s ______ ( 肯定的 ) that he ' ll pass the examination .
B . They asked a boy to draw the ______ ( 幕布 ) .
5 . A . It ' s ______ ( 容易的 ) to finish the work .
B . He wrote an ______ ( 文章 ) on reading .
6 . A . A little light ______ ( 閃現(xiàn) ) on the wall .
B . The Great Wall was made not only of stone , but of the ______ ( 肉體 ) and blood of millions of men .
C . These are ______ ( 新鮮的 ) vegetables .
7 . A . He asked the man in the water to ______ ( 抓 ) the rope .
B . The people ______ ( 喘氣 ) at the cruelty of the bad boss .
8 . A . We shouldn't take anything for ______ ( 假定……正確 ) .
B . A Swede wanted to join Napoleon ' s ______ ( 偉大的 ) Army .
9 . A . He came back ______ ( 遲 ) last night .
B . Have you seen him ______ ( 近來 ) ?
10 . A . The Department of Education gave him a ______ ( 獎(jiǎng)?wù)?) for his good work .
B . This spear is made of ______ ( 金屬 ) .
C . Many ______ ( 式樣 ) of bicycles are on show .
D . Fill in the blanks with proper ______ ( 情態(tài)的 ) verbs .
11 . A . There are seven ______ ( 奇跡 ) in the world .
B . I saw him ______ ( 徘徊 ) in the street .
12 . A . He took me by the ______ ( 手腕 ) .
B . Her ______ ( 腰 ) measure is 23 inches .
13 . A . The boy was ______ ( 發(fā)抖 ) with cold .
B . There is a ______ ( 寺院 ) on the top of the hill .
14 . A . He ______ ( 摸 ) me on the forehead with his left hand .
B . The boss is very ______ ( 粗暴 ) .
15 . A . We have friends ______ ( 遍及 ) the world .
B . The Xiang River flows ______ ( 通過 ) Changsha .
C . The doctor gave the boy a ______ ( 徹底的 ) examination .
D . ______ ( 雖然 ) he is a student , he knows a lot .
16 . A . The old man was ______ ( 挨餓 ) to death .
B . The teacher ______ ( 凝視 ) the class into silence .
17 . A . The whole nation was in deep ______ ( 悲哀 ) at this news .
B . The road is so ______ ( 狹窄的 ) that two cars can ' t pass .
18 . A . She got a ______ ( 嚴(yán)重的 ) illness .
B . Don ' t be ______ ( 好奇的 ) about everything .
C . He felt ______ ( 緊張的 ) when he said it to her .
19 . A . There are seven head of ______ ( 牛 ) in the meadow .
B . The ______ ( 戰(zhàn)斗 ) was over soon .
C . How many ______ ( 瓶 ) of beer are there on the table ?
20 . A . Beijing is the ______ ( 首都 ) of China .
B . He is a ______ ( 上尉 ) in an army .
21 . A . This ______ ( 技術(shù)的 ) school was set up in 1960 .
B . The violinist ' s ______ ( 技巧 ) was excellent .
22 . A . I ______ ( 想 ) he ' ll pass the examination .
B . He is an ______ ( 專家 ) on foreign affairs .
23 . A . The ______ ( 質(zhì)量 ) of this kind of paper is quite good .
B . He has a large ______ ( 數(shù)量 ) of books .
24 . A . He injured his hands in the ______ ( 車間 ) .
B . Helen ______ ( 崇拜 ) her mother .
答案：1 . A . affected B . effect 2 . A . charge B . changes 3 . A . course B . cause C . source 4. A . certain B . curtain 5 . A . easy B . essay 6 . A . flashed B . flesh C . fresh 7 . A . grasp B . gasped 8 . A . granted B . grand 9 . A . late B . lately 10 . A . medal B . metal C . models D . modal 11 . A . wonders B . wandering 12 . A . wrist B . waist 13 . A . trembling B . temple 14 . A . touched B . tough 15 . A . throughout B . through C . thorough D . Though 16 . A . starved B . stared 17 . A . sorrow B . narrow 18 . A . serious B . curious C . nervous 19 . A . cattle B . battle C . bottles 20 . A . expect B . expert 21. A. technical B. skill 22. A. expect B. expert 23 . A . quality B . quantity 24 . A . workshop B . worships