定語從句易犯錯誤小議

          發(fā)布時間:2016-1-23 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

          彭遠(yuǎn)軍 佘君賢

            定語從句是高中英語的重點,也是歷年來高考的熱點,僅“3+綜合”NMET 2001單項填空中直接考定語從句的題就有2道,占該題型的13%。但是,由于定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜,初學(xué)者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯誤,最常見的有如下七種:

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            一、在定語從句中加了多余的定語。如:

            

            1.誤:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

            正:Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.

            譯:我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。

            析:應(yīng)刪去them,因為從句的賓語是省略了的whom, who或that。

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            2.誤:The book that you need it is in the library.

            正:The book that you need is in the library.

            譯:你需要的書在圖書館里。

            析:應(yīng)刪去it,因為從句的賓語是關(guān)系代詞that。

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            二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯。如:

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            1.誤:Anyone who break the law will be punished.

            正:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

            譯:任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。

            析:應(yīng)改break為breaks,因為who指anyone,是單數(shù)。

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            2.誤:Those who has finished may go home.

            正:Those who have finished may go home.

            譯:做完了的人現(xiàn)在可以回家。

            析:應(yīng)改has為have,因為who指those,是復(fù)數(shù)。

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            3.誤:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.

            正:He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

            譯:他是我們學(xué)校中唯一懂法語的人。

            析:應(yīng)改know為knows,因為one前有the only之類限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾的是the only one,是單數(shù),而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞the teachers。

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            4.誤:This is one of the rooms that is free now.

            正:This is one of the rooms that are free now.

            譯:這是目前空著的房間之一。

            析:應(yīng)改is為are,因為one前沒有the only之類的限定詞,定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)the rooms,而不是單數(shù)one。

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            三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞。如:

            

            1.誤:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

            正:Children who/?that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.

            譯:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。

            析:應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。

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            2.誤:The key opens the bike is missing.

            正:The key that/which opens the bike is missing.

            譯:開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。

            析:應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which,因為從句少主語,且主語不能省略。

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            四、定語從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。如:

            

            1.誤:The house where he lives in needs repairing.

            正:The house where he lives needs repairing.

            或:The house he lives in needs repairing.

            譯:他住的房子需要修理。

            析:應(yīng)保留where,刪去從句中的in,因為關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語,in屬多余。或刪去關(guān)系副詞where,因為where在這里的意思是in which,否則介詞in就重復(fù)了。

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            2.誤:I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.

            正:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

            或:I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

            譯:我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。

            析:應(yīng)刪去on,因為when在這里的意思是on which,否則介詞on就重復(fù)了,或把when改為which。

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            五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞后錯用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

            

            1.誤:I still remember the day when we spent together.

            正:I still remember the day that/which we spent together.

            譯:我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。

            析:應(yīng)改when為that或which,因為從句中謂語動詞spent是及物動詞,其后應(yīng)跟賓語而不是時間狀語。

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            2.誤:This is the house where we lived in last year.

            正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.

            譯:這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那個房子。

            析:應(yīng)改where為which或that,因為從句謂語動詞lived后有介詞in,其后少介詞賓語,而不是地點狀語。

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            六、在先行詞reason后錯用關(guān)系副詞why。如:

            

            1.誤:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?

            正:Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?

            譯:你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因?

            析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因為定語從句缺少主語,而不是少原因狀語。

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            2.誤:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.

            正:I don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.

            譯:我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。

            析:應(yīng)改why為that或which,因為從句謂語動詞has given后缺少賓語,而不是少原因狀語 。

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            七、誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語從句。如:

            1.誤:It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

            正:It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.

            譯:大火發(fā)生在廚房。

            析:應(yīng)將where改that,因為原句還原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而非定語從句。

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            2.誤:Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?

            正:Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?

            譯:你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來?

            析:應(yīng)將when改為that,因為,原句還原為Because it snowed last night, you didn’t come后,在語法和句意上均成立,故此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型而非定語從句。

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