課 題 初高中英語銜接1 ：句子的基本成分和結(jié)構(gòu) 課 時 1
課 型 新授課 主備人 鐘義銘
教學目標 1
2.
教學重點
教學難點
課前準備
教學日期 教學班級
教 學 過 程 復(fù)備
句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種：主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、主語補足語和賓語補足語。學會判斷句子成分對以后學習難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。
一、 英語的句子成分：
一） 主語：
Walls have ears. ( )
He will take you to the hospital. （ ）
Three plus four equals seven. （ ）
To see is to believe. （ ）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. （ ）
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （ ）
二）謂語動詞由_____________擔任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
三）表語 它的位置在__________之后。是用來說明主語的________,_______, ________的.
My father is a professor. ( )
Who's that? It's me. ( )
Everything here is expensive. ( )
The match became very exciting.( )
The story of my life may be of help to others.( )
Three times five is fifteen. ( )
His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )
（四）賓語 表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一般放在___________之后。_____詞后也會跟賓語。
She covered her face with her hands.( )
We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )
Do you mind opening the window? ( )
Give me four please. ( )
He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )
We need to know what others are doing. ( )
We should care more about our friends. ( )
（五）定語 是修飾___詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_____；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之_____。
They are woman workers. （ ）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （ ）
Mary is a beautiful girl.. （ ）
The play has three acts. ( )
This is her first trip to Europe. ( )
China is a developing country. ( )
I have nothing to eat. ( )
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )
六）狀語 狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨情況等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )
I left the village five years ago. ( )
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )
We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )
If he goes, so will I . ( )
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )
七）賓語補足語
英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語和賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成___________。
They elected me captain of the team. ( )
We try to make our country strong. ( )
We found everything in good order there. ( )
I should advise you to get the chance. ( )
I saw him going upstairs. ( )
八）主語補足語 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補足語相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
二、簡單句的五種基本句型
1．主語 + 系動詞 + 表語
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主語 系動詞 表語
2）The city will become rich.
主語 系動詞 表語
在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是：
“變化”類：______________________________________________.
“感官”類: ______________________________________________.
“持續(xù)”類：___________________________________________.
其他：（似乎）________ _______ (證明是)_________
你的故事聽起來很有趣。____________________________________.
把魚放在冰箱里，否則它會變壞的。
___________________________________________________________.
這種炎熱的天氣將會保持幾天。
_____________________________________________________________.
這個計劃證明是可行的。
________________________________________________________.
2．主語 + 謂語
1）Building has started.
主語 謂語
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
主語 謂語
______搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
_____搭配：The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。小鳥在樹上歡快的歌唱，魚兒在池塘里自由的嬉戲，我玩得也高興.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3．主語 + 謂語 + 賓語
1）The boss employed five more workers.
主語 謂語 賓語
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams.
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
他因為車子開得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。
_______________________________________________________________.
他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。
_______________________________________________________________.
他許諾給我一個禮物。
______________________________________________________________.
4．主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語
1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
1.順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？
______________________________________________________.
2.下學期誰教你們生物？
_______________________________________________________.
3.Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國。
_________________________________________________________.
5．主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語
1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.
5）We kept the room clean.
6）We heard the girl singing the song.
7）He gad his hair cut short.
該句型中的“賓語 + 賓語補足語”又叫做“__________”
他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。
_______________________________________________________.
我建議他多讀點書。
________________________________________________________.
他修了機器。
___________________________________________.
我們選他當班長。
___________________________________________________.
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